Diabetes is a most common disease in the developing country like India. People with diabetes may experience many serious, long-term complications. Diabetic nephropathy is more common among people with diabetes. So our aim of this study is to increase focus on diabetic nephropathy. Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy are sustained hyperglycemia, hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration, smoking, dyslipidemia, proteinuria levels, and dietary factors, such as the amount and source of protein fat in the diet. Diabetes produces qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the capillary basement membrane and this altered material undergoes accelerated glycosylation. Various mechanisms postulated is hyperglycemia causing hyperfiltration and renal injury and activation of cytokines. Hyperglycemia also may activate protein kinase C, which may contribute to renal disease and other vascular complications of diabetes. In addition to the renal hemodynamic alterations namely decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Detection of diabetic nephropathy screening for microalbuminuria and proteinuria. Treatment interventions in diabetic nephropathy include glycemic control, treatment of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cessation of smoking, protein restriction, and renal replacement therapy. Multifactorial approach includes combined therapy targeting hyperglycemia, hypertension, microalbuminuria, and dyslipidemia.
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